Exposure Compensation
The fundamental problem here is lack of light in the areas where you want to see the details. No amount of Photoshopping can add light in post production if it wasn't captured in the original exposure.
Virtually every smart phone cam has exposure compensation adjustment. Crank it up. You should do some trials at home to strike a balance with slower shutter speeds and the steadiness of your hands.
Light colored objects may be blown out but you will see more of the important stuff.
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