Question about image quality
 

What makes an image look like the attached? Lighting? Resolution? Screen shot?

Multiple issues.
 

Over exposure causes the totally white, burned out looking areas. Wide aperature or slow shutter speed, if we were talking film...
Rough edges most likely means low pixel digital camera. Might also mean the original was smaller and it's been enlarged past it's resolution. The color layering is a result of how the image is processed by the sensor and storage system.
If I had to guess, I'd say this was shot with an early I-phone. If that's the camera you've got, that's the camera you use! It's still a great catch!
Anybody want to check exif data and tell me if I'm close?

I would add a couple of (or More) cycles of JPG Compression. Enough to make even good images look horrible.